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'Combatting' irregular migration is one of the key challenges to migration management at EU level. The present book addresses one of the most pressing structural problems regarding the EU's return policy: the low return rate of irregularly staying migrants. In this regard the EU Return Directive obliges Member States to issue a return decision, yet only 40% of such decisions are enforced annually. Moreover, despite the political and legal efforts, the EU is not making any significant progress in enforcing the rules it has laid down in the Return Directive. The legislation of EU Member States may, however, serve as a source for possible solutions to 'combat' the problem of irregularly staying migrants. It is for this reason that the book compares the system of regularisations in Austria, Germany and Spain. Regularisations constitute an effective alternative to returns because they terminate the irregular residence of migrants, not through deportation, but rather by granting a right of residence. Regularisation is therefore understood as each legal decision that awards legal residency to irregularly staying migrants. As is shown by the examination and comparison of regularisations in Austria, Germany and Spain, differentiated systems of regularisation exist at national level. However, EU regularisations supplementing the present return policy would be more effective at 'combatting' irregular migration at EU level.

Illegal immigration.

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Immigration enforcement.

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What are the effects of internal migration controls on migrants without a regular residence permit - on "sans papiers"? The book gives an answer to this question with a comparative study of the United States and Germany. Based on expert interviews and in-depth interviews with forty sans papiers, police controls as well as controls in areas such as labor market, health care, housing, schooling and childcare are carefully analysed. The book discusses whether global economic, political or social processes have restricted the ability of advanced capitalist countries to control migration. It argues that migration policy in the OECD countries has become more similar, but this convergence only takes place at the level of policy goals and legal norms. At the level of implementation, national differences persist. The interviews show that sans papiers in the U.S. continue to have many possibilities to participate in society. In contrast, the comprehensive exclusion of sans papiers in Germany confi rms that there is no general "loss of control."

Illegal immigration,.

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O escritório do Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados (ACNUR) no Brasil celebrou, em 2019, os quinze anos da Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello. Foi um momento opor­tuno para resgatar a memória das principais ações e produ­ções em prol da população que buscou o Brasil como país de proteção, e, ao mesmo tempo, inaugurar um momento de respostas para os desafios do presente, buscando a construção de um futuro mais acolhedor para pessoas refugiadas, deslocadas, apátridas e tan­tas outras que precisaram deixar suas casas para poderem viver uma vida normal aqui no país. O propósito deste livro é apresentar e discutir os resultados de uma pesquisa que mapeou o estado da arte sobre refugiados, deslocados internos, deslocados ambien­tais e apátridas, a partir da produção acadêmica divulgada entre 2007 e 2017. Em se tratando de recorte temporal, a crise financeira de 2007, na Europa, trouxe mudanças drásticas na migração mundial, par­ticularmente, entre 2007 e 2011, quando um grande número de migrantes irregulares do Oriente Médio, da África e do Sul da Ásia tentaram entrar na Europa via Turquia e Grécia. Enquanto isso, o Brasil, em 2007, celebrava os dez anos de criação da avançada lei de proteção aos refugiados (Lei 9474/97), em que ampliava a definição da Convenção da ONU de 1951, considerando também como refugiado aquele que estava fora de seu país de origem por violação maciça e generalizada aos direitos humanos (art. 1º, III)

Migration, immigration & emigration --- Migration, immigration and emigration

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Rinus Penninx's groundbreaking work has helped to systematise and classify existing research in the field of migration and ethnic studies. His heuristic model makes an important distinction between immigration and integration research and, within the latter, between socio-economic, ethno-cultural and legal-political dimensions. Written as a tribute to Penninx, this volume consists of contributions by 15 of his former PhD students covering all the main categories of his heuristic model.

Emigration and immigration --- Emigration and immigration. --- Research.